Irrigation Systems Provide Water for Farm Crops and Home Landscapes

Irrigation Systems are used for the artificial application of water to the soil. These systems assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and re-vegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall.

In America, extensive Irrigation Systems were created in prehistoric times. One example is seen in the recent archaeological excavations near the Santa Cruz River in Tucson, Arizona. They have located a village site dating from 4,000 years ago where the indigenous tribes constructed irrigation canals for farming.

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Today, irrigation also has a few other uses in crop production, which include protecting plants against frost, suppressing weeds growing in grain fields, and helping in preventing soil erosion (learn about Soil Erosion Control). In contrast, agriculture that relies only on direct rainfall is referred to as rain-fed or dry-land farming. Irrigation Systems are used for dust suppression, disposal of sewage, and in mining as well.

The Most Common Types of Irrigation System Design

Surface Irrigation - It is often called flood irrigation because the irrigation results in flooding or near flooding of the cultivated land. Historically, this has been the most common method of irrigating agricultural land.

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Localized Irrigation - It is a system where water is distributed under low pressure through a piped network, in a pre-determined pattern, and applied as a small discharge to each plant or adjacent to it. Drip irrigation, spray or micro-sprinkler irrigation and bubbler irrigation belong to this category of irrigation methods.

Sprinkler or Overhead Irrigation - The water is piped to one or more central locations within the field, and distributed by overhead high-pressure sprinklers or guns.

In-Ground Irrigation Systems - Most commercial and Residential Irrigation Systems are "in ground" systems meaning that everything is buried in the ground. With the pipes, sprinklers, emitters (drippers), and irrigation valves being hidden, it makes for a cleaner, more presentable landscape without garden hoses or other items having to be moved around manually. Yard Sprinkler Systems are common in landscaping and lawns.

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